Parametric resonance at the critical temperature in high energy heavy ion collisions

Parametric resonance in soft modes at the critical temperature ($T_{c}$) in high energy heavy ion collisions is studied in the case when the temperature ($T$) of the system is almost constant for a long time. By deviding the fields into three parts, zero mode (condensate), soft modes and hard modes and assuming that the hard modes are in thermal equilibrium, we derive the equation of motion for soft modes at $T=T_{c}$. Enhanced modes are extracted by comparing with the Mathieu equation for the condensate oscillating along the sigma axis at $T=T_{c}$. It is found that the soft mode of $\pi$ fields at about 174 MeV is enhanced.Comment: 8 pages, 1 figure Some statements and equations are modified to clarif

Ferromagnetic insulating phase in Pr{1-x}Ca{x}MnO3

A ferromagnetic insulating (FM-I) state in Pr0.75Ca0.25MnO3 has been studied by neutron scattering experiment and theoretical calculation. The insulating behavior is robust against an external magnetic field, and is ascribed to neither the phase separation between a ferromagnetic metallic (FM-M) phase and a non-ferromagnetic insulating one, nor the charge ordering. We found that the Jahn-Teller type lattice distortion is much weaker than PrMnO3 and the magnetic interaction is almost isotropic. These features resembles the ferromagnetic metallic state of manganites, but the spin exchange interaction J is much reduced compared to the FM-M state. The theoretical calculation based on the staggered type orbital order well reproduces several features of the spin and orbital state in the FM-I phase.Comment: REVTeX4, 10 pages, 9 figure

Numerical Study of Photo-Induced Dynamics in Double-Exchange Model

Photo-induced spin and charge dynamics in double-exchange model are numerically studied. The Lanczos method and the density-matrix renormalization-group method are applied to one-dimensional finite-size clusters. By photon irradiation in a charge ordered (CO) insulator associated with antiferromagnetic (AFM) correlation, both the CO and AFM correlations collapse rapidly, and appearances of new peaks inside of an insulating gap are observed in the optical spectra and the one-particle excitation spectra. Time evolutions of the spin correlation and the in-gap state are correlated with each other, and are governed by the transfer integral of conduction electrons. Results are interpreted by the charge kink/anti-kink picture and their effective motions which depend on the localized spin correlation. Pump-photon density dependence of spin and charge dynamics are also studied. Roles of spin degree of freedom are remarkable in a case of weak photon density. Implications of the numerical results for the pump-probe experiments in perovskite manganites are discussed.Comment: 16 pages, 16 figure

Theory of Orbital Ordering, Fluctuation and Resonant X-ray Scattering in Manganites

A theory of resonant x-ray scattering in perovskite manganites is developed by applying the group theory to the correlation functions of the pseudospin operators for the orbital degree of freedom. It is shown that static and dynamical informations of the orbital state are directly obtained from the elastic, diffuse and inelastic scatterings due to the tensor character of the scattering factor. We propose that the interaction and its anisotropy between orbitals are directly identified by the intensity contour of the diffuse scattering in the momentum space.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figur

Reciprocal transmittances and reflectances: An elementary proof

We present an elementary proof concerning reciprocal transmittances and reflectances. The proof is direct, simple, and valid for the diverse objects that can be absorptive and induce diffraction and scattering, as long as the objects respond linearly and locally to electromagnetic waves. The proof enables students who understand the basics of classical electromagnetics to grasp the physical basis of reciprocal optical responses. In addition, we show an example to demonstrate reciprocal response numerically and experimentally.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures. RevTEX4. Improved wording. Physics Educatio

Spin and orbital excitation spectrum in the Kugel-Khomskii model

We discuss spin and orbital ordering in the twofold orbital degenerate superexchange model in three dimensions relevant to perovskite transition metal oxides. We focus on the particular point on the classical phase diagram where orbital degeneracy is lifted by quantum effects exclusively. Dispersion and damping of the spin and orbital excitations are calculated at this point taking into account their mutual interaction. Interaction corrections to the mean-field order parameters are found to be small. We conclude that quasi-one-dimensional Neel spin order accompanied by the uniform d_{3z^2-r^2}-type orbital ordering is stable against quantum fluctuations.Comment: 4 pages with 3 PS figures, 1 table, RevTeX, accepted to Phys. Rev. B. Rapid Communicatio

Topology Change of Coalescing Black Holes on Eguchi-Hanson Space

We construct multi-black hole solutions in the five-dimensional Einstein-Maxwell theory with a positive cosmological constant on the Eguchi-Hanson space, which is an asymptotically locally Euclidean space. The solutions describe the physical process such that two black holes with the topology of S^3 coalesce into a single black hole with the topology of the lens space L(2;1)=S^3/Z_2. We discuss how the area of the single black hole after the coalescence depends on the topology of the horizon.Comment: 10 pages, Some comments are added. to be published as a letter in Classical and Quantum Gravit

Parametric amplification with a friction in heavy ion collisions

We study the effects of the expansion of the system and the friction on the parametric amplification of mesonic fields in high energy heavy ion collisions within the linear $\sigma$ model . The equation of motion which is similar to Mathieu equation is derived to describe the time development of classical fields in the last stage of a heavy ion collision after the freezeout time. The enhanced mode is extracted analytically by comparison with Mathieu equation and the equation of motion is solved numerically to examine whether soft modes will be enhanced or not. It is found that the strong peak appears around 267 MeV in the pion transverse momentum distribution in cases with weak friction and high maximum temperature. This enhancement can be extracted by taking the ratio between different modes in the pion transverse momentum distribution.Comment: 10 pages, 9 figures LaTeX: appendix adde

Thermodynamics of Squashed Kaluza-Klein Black Holes and Black Strings -- A Comparison of Reference Backgrounds --

We investigate thermodynamics constructed on different background reference spacetimes for squashed Kaluza-Klein (SqKK) black hole and electrically charged black string in five-dimensional Einstein-Maxwell system. Two spacetimes are possible to be reference spacetimes giving finite gravitational classical actions: one is four-dimensional Minkowski times a circle and the other is the KK monopole. The boundary of the SqKK black hole can not be matched perfectly to that of the former reference spacetime because of the difference in topology. However, the resultant classical action coincides with that calculated by the counterterm subtraction scheme. The boundary of the KK monopole has the same topology with that of the SqKK black hole and can be matched to the boundary of the black hole perfectly. The resultant action takes different value from the result given by using the former reference spacetime. After a brief review of thermodynamic quantities of the black hole solutions, we calculate thermodynamic potentials relevant for several thermodynamic environments. The most stable state is different for each environment: For example, the KK monopole is the most stable state in isothermal environment with fixed gravitational tension. On the other hand, when the size of the extra-dimension is fixed, the Minkowski times a circle is the most stable. It is shown that these two spacetimes can be reference spacetimes of the five-dimensional black string.Comment: 28 pages; references added, typo corrected;version accepted for publication in Class. Quantum Gra